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Atomic Radius Equation:
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Atomic radius is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost electron shell of an atom. It's a fundamental property that influences chemical bonding, reactivity, and physical properties of elements.
The calculator uses the Bohr model approximation:
Where:
Explanation: This equation estimates atomic radius based on the Bohr model, where electrons orbit the nucleus in defined shells and the effective nuclear charge accounts for electron shielding effects.
Details: Understanding atomic radius helps predict chemical behavior, bond lengths, ionization energy, and atomic volume. It's crucial for materials science, chemistry, and physics applications.
Tips: Enter the principal quantum number (n) as an integer from 1-7 and the effective nuclear charge as a positive decimal number. Both values must be greater than zero.
Q1: What is the principal quantum number (n)?
A: The principal quantum number indicates the electron shell or energy level, ranging from 1 (closest to nucleus) to 7 (furthest).
Q2: How do I determine effective nuclear charge?
A: Effective nuclear charge can be estimated using Slater's rules or obtained from periodic table data. It represents the net positive charge experienced by an electron.
Q3: What are typical atomic radius values?
A: Atomic radii range from about 0.3 Å (helium) to 2.6 Å (cesium), with most elements falling between 0.7-2.0 Å.
Q4: What are the limitations of this calculation?
A: This is a simplified model that doesn't account for electron cloud distribution, covalent radii, or metallic radii variations.
Q5: How does atomic radius change across the periodic table?
A: Radius decreases left to right across a period (increasing nuclear charge) and increases top to bottom down a group (adding electron shells).