1. What is Pediatric IV Fluid Maintenance?

Pediatric IV fluid maintenance calculation determines the appropriate hourly intravenous fluid rate for children based on their body weight. This follows the "4-2-1 rule" for calculating maintenance fluid requirements in pediatric patients.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pediatric maintenance fluid formula:

Where:

• \( 4\ mL/kg/hr \) — For the first 10 kg of body weight
• \( 2\ mL/kg/hr \) — For the next 10 kg (11-20 kg)
• \( 1\ mL/kg/hr \) — For each additional kg over 20 kg

Explanation: This formula accounts for the higher metabolic rate and fluid requirements per body weight in smaller children compared to larger children and adults.

3. Importance of Fluid Calculation

Details: Accurate fluid maintenance calculation is crucial for preventing dehydration in hospitalized children, maintaining electrolyte balance, and supporting proper organ function during illness or surgical procedures.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the child's weight in kilograms. The calculator will automatically apply the appropriate formula based on the weight category. Ensure accurate weight measurement for precise calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does the formula change based on weight?
A: Smaller children have higher metabolic rates and greater body surface area relative to weight, requiring more fluid per kg. The formula adjusts for these physiological differences.

Q2: When should maintenance fluids be adjusted?
A: Adjust for fever (add 12% per °C above 38°C), gastrointestinal losses, renal impairment, cardiac conditions, or syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).

Q3: What type of fluid is typically used?
A: Maintenance fluids usually contain dextrose and electrolytes. Common choices include D5 1/4 NS + 20 mEq KCl/L, but the specific formulation depends on clinical circumstances.

Q4: Are there limitations to this calculation?
A: This is a general guideline. Individual patient factors like renal function, cardiac status, and ongoing losses must be considered. Always consult with a pediatrician for specific cases.

Q5: How does this differ from adult fluid calculations?
A: Adults typically use 25-30 mL/kg/day, while pediatric calculations are weight-tiered to account for developmental physiological differences in fluid requirements.