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Atomic Number Formula:
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The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It defines the chemical element and determines its position in the periodic table. Each element has a unique atomic number that distinguishes it from all other elements.
The atomic number is calculated using the fundamental formula:
Where:
Explanation: The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. This number is fundamental to the identity of the element and remains constant for all atoms of that element.
Details: The atomic number determines the chemical properties of an element, its position in the periodic table, and the number of electrons in a neutral atom. It is the primary organizing principle of the periodic table.
Tips: Enter the number of protons in the atom. The value must be between 1 and 118 (corresponding to known elements from hydrogen to oganesson).
Q1: What is the relationship between atomic number and mass number?
A: Atomic number (Z) is the number of protons, while mass number (A) is the total number of protons and neutrons. Mass number = Atomic number + Number of neutrons.
Q2: Can atomic number be zero?
A: No, atomic number cannot be zero. The smallest atomic number is 1 (hydrogen). Atomic number must be a positive integer.
Q3: How does atomic number relate to electron configuration?
A: In a neutral atom, the atomic number equals the number of electrons, which determines the electron configuration and chemical properties.
Q4: What is the highest known atomic number?
A: The highest confirmed atomic number is 118 (oganesson), though theoretical predictions suggest possible elements with higher atomic numbers.
Q5: Can atomic number change in chemical reactions?
A: No, atomic number remains constant in chemical reactions. Changes in atomic number occur only in nuclear reactions.